Insurance World

It’s tempting to sit back and relax once you’ve moved into your new home – but hang on, have you made sure that you’re insured against all the risks that could stop you from paying your mortgage? Many things could go wrong and make it impossible for you to work, and in this article we go through each risk, and assess how important it is that you take that into account. If you are responsible for a family, then it is particularly important that you take heed of the following five issues:

What happens if interest rates increase and you can no longer afford your monthly repayments

What if you get made redundant

What happens if you become ill or have an accident and you can’t go to work

What if you have a serious accident or become critically ill, and you can never go back to work

What if you die and your family is left to cope with the outstanding mortgage

These are all questions that new homeowners have to ask, and find answers to. The good news is, the insurance industry have it covered, and there are policies out there that can provide peace of mind against all these possibilities.

On the subject of rising interest rates, you are unfortunate if you end up in the position where you can’t afford the repayments, because there are mortgages that help protect you from this. The fixed rate mortgage sets a rate for an agreed period of time in which your interest rate remains the same irrespective of the Bank of England base rate. A capped mortgage allows your payments to fluctuate, but there will be an agreed rate at which the interest rate that you pay will be capped. Capped mortgages protect you for an average of 3-5 years, and then, as with the fixed rate mortgage, it will revert to the standard variable rate.

55% of all new mortgages are fixed rate deals, so they are by far the most popular type of mortgage. The capped mortgage is less popular because it still retains an element of risk, and they can be more expensive at the outset, which deters a lot of potential customers. At the end of the protected period, for both types of mortgage, you can choose to re-mortgage with another company without paying any penalties. It’s a good idea to keep your eye on the available offers as the end of the protected period approaches, because there are likely to better deals out there. The market is so competitive that new offers are always arising, and they are particularly focused on attracting re-mortgaging customers. Ask a mortgage broker to see what else is out there, as they have all the latest information to hand. You don’t have to commit yourself to anything.

If you want to insure yourself against the possibility of losing your job, then you need Mortgage Payment Protection Insurance. However it’s important to be aware that this type of insurance is designed to protect those that are made redundant, not those that resign or are dismissed. We found quotes on the Internet for around Ј2.45 per Ј100 of monthly mortgage payment. Once you stop working, the insurance will start paying after 30 days and then for a maximum of 12 months. You can buy this insurance through your mortgage lender but we don’t recommend it, they always charge more than their internet rivals.

You also have the choice of covering your mortgage payments due to sickness or illness keeping you from working. However we recommend checking with your employer first to see if they have a sickness payment plan in place. Some companies will give their employees full pay for six months for accident or illness. Even in this case, it’s still worth getting the insurance because you could be off work for more than six months. It would be very difficult to meet the mortgage repayments on statutory sickness benefits alone. This type of insurance also costs Ј2.45 per Ј100 of monthly mortgage payment, but you can combine it with unemployment cover and it’s Ј3.95 per month, which is less than buying the two separately. Both will cover you for a maximum of 12 months, so you really need to consider what would happen if a serious accident or illness left you permanently unable to work.

The insurance industry estimates that 1/5 of men and 1/6 of women have to permanently leave work before retirement age because of a serious illness or accident. Think about it, if you have a heart attack at the age of 45 then you are unlikely to go back to work again. With a family to support, this could be disastrous.

In this case, then you would need Critical illness insurance – it covers the outstanding mortgage in full if you are unable to work again. Look out for “total and permanent disability” cover – it is essential that it is included in the policy as it specifically covers the possibility of you not working again due to accident.

There are a few options to look out for with Critical Illness Insurance – for example you need “decreasing cover” if you have a repayment mortgage. This is so the value of the payout decreases in line with the value of your outstanding mortgage. It is also cheaper than the alternative: “level cover”. You need this if you have an interest only mortgage because the outstanding mortgage balance will remain the same.

Make sure you know all the facts about the insurance you buy, because there will be times that you can’t make a claim. For example, Critical illness Insurance requires you to survive for a period following an accident or diagnosis of a critical illness, usually 28 days but sometimes 14 days. If you die before that time, then no claim can be made on your policy.

To cover the possibility of you dying within 28 days, then you need mortgage life insurance. Many lenders require you to set up a mortgage life insurance policy as a condition of you taking out the mortgage. You don’t have to buy it through the lender however, in fact it will be a lot cheaper if you don’t. Also if you live alone and do not have to support a family, you don’t necessarily need this type of insurance as the lender will recoup the money for the outstanding mortgage by selling off the property.

Mortgage Life insurance is the most popular kind of mortgage protection, and like critical illness insurance, you can choose between “decreasing cover” and “level cover” depending on whether you have a repayment or an interest only mortgage.

There’s no denying that buying all these insurance policies to protect your mortgage will cost, but there are a few ways to get the best value. Firstly, if you combine accident and illness with unemployment cover then you will save around 20%, compared to buying them separately. Some insurance companies may refer to this as “unemployment and disability” cover. Critical illness and mortgage life insurance also become cheaper if you combine the two, and we predict an average saving of 20-25%.

And don’t forget the most obvious way to save money – shop around. Your lender will quote you on these insurances, and may even give you the impression that you have to buy your insurance through them, but you are free to buy it from any company you please. So it had might as well be the cheapest! Go online for the best deals, even better – contact a specialist life insurance broker and ask them to find the best deals for you. They can do all the legwork and, if you’re not impressed, then you don’t have to buy through them. The advantage they have on price is due to the hot competition on the Internet, especially for insurance. Brokers offer better deals by slashing their commission and giving you a further discount. Search using any of the following terms: “cheap life insurance”, “life insurance”, “life insurance quotes” or “Mortgage Protection Insurance”, and you will come across a number of cost-effective options.

The other advantage to using a broker is that you have full access to their expert advice. When faced with the option of getting a “Guaranteed Premium” or a “Reviewable Premium” for your critical illness insurance, will you know what it means? Even if you do, which one is best? That’s when a life insurance adviser is worth their weight in gold. So we recommend picking up the phone and talking to an expert in person, it doesn’t take long and it guarantees you getting it right first time.

The bottom line: peace of mind comes at a price – but it doesn’t have to be expensive!

Around 7 million people in the UK are covered by health insurance, the majority being covered through their employers. The problem is that few have really studied their policy documents and many misunderstand what is covered. And perhaps just as important, what isn’t. If you expect health insurance to pay all your health costs, you’re mistaken.

Health insurance is designed to provide protection for curable, short-term health problems and allow policyholders to jump the NHS queues to see consultants, be diagnosed, receive surgery or be treated. That sounds fine, but before you buy you need to appreciate the treatments and situations that fall outside the scope of the cover.

But first a word of warning. This article does not relate to any specific policy and the terms and conditions issued by individual insurers do vary. So please ensure you also check your policy documents. After reading this article, you’ll know what to look out for!

Sorry – it’s a chronic condition

If a condition can be cured and is not a long-term problem, your insurance company will classify it as acute and should meet the cost. If your problem is incurable or it’s a problem that, despite appropriate treatment, will be with you for a long time, then your insurance company will classify it as chronic - and no, you won’t be covered.

But drawing a firm line between what is acute and what is chronic is fraught with problems, and leads to the biggest area of conflict between insurer and policyholder.

Everyone agrees that diabetes and asthma are chronic conditions as you’re likely to suffer from them for the rest of your life. So those sorts of condition are not covered.

Problems arise when the medical team initially considers a patients’ illness to be curable, but the condition subsequently deteriorates and the doctors change their mind, it’s now become incurable. This can happen especially in the treatment of some types of cancer.

In these circumstances, the condition is initially defined as acute and is therefore insured, but deteriorates and becomes chronic - and outside the terms of cover. This is possible as insurers retain the right to reclassify a condition from acute to chronic during treatment.

Sorry - it’s too long term
The insurance company will not pay out for long term treatment. But you need to check your policy documents to see how they define “long-term”. You can find the situation where a course of drugs extends for say 12 months, but the insurer will only pay for ten months.

Sorry – it’s preventative
Your insurance is designed to pay for the treatment and cure of conditions when they arise. It is not designed to pay for treatments that are used to prevent an illness.

Again, the problem of definition arises. Sometimes it is arguable whether a treatment is preventative or a cure. Take the drug Herceptin for example. This drug can be used in the early stages of breast cancer. Research shows that Herceptin can halve the incidence of cancer returning for women who have a particularly virulent form of the cancer known as HER2. In this situation, is Herceptin offering a cure or is it a preventative?

Insurance companies are split on the debate. Norwich Union, WPA, BUPA and Standard Life Healthcare will pay for Herceptin for HER2 patients whereas Legal and General and Axa PPP will not.

Sorry – the drug is not approved
Two of the main attractions for taking out health insurance are: to jump the queues at the NHS, and to get the latest treatments and drugs. But there’s a rider.

Unless the drug has been approved for use by the NHS in England and Wales, by the Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, your insurer is unlikely to approve its use. The problem is that the Institute’s brief is not simply to decide whether a drug works, but to carry out a cost/benefit analysis to ensure that the benefits to the nation outweigh the financial costs of using it in the NHS. Not an easy brief - and one that has placed the Institute under scrutiny for the extended delays in drug approval.

The compromise hit on by the Financial Ombudsman is that if a health policy won’t pay for the use of experimental treatments, then it should meet the cost of an approved conventional treatment with the policyholder footing the bill for the balance if the experimental treatment is more expensive.

Sorry – it’s a pre-existing condition

The basic principle is that if you are already suffering from a condition when you start a policy, then that condition “pre-exists” the policy and any claims for its treatment are invalid.

For this reason, insurance companies insist you complete an exhaustive questionnaire before they agree to insure you. After all they need a clear picture of your medical condition before they quote. For many applications, the insurer will, with your approval, also write to your GP for specific details of your medical history. They like to have a complete picture.

So lets say some years ago you injured your knee playing football. It appeared to recover but now it turns out that you have a torn cartilage and need an operation. The insurer could argue that this is a pre-existing condition and you have to pay for its’ treatment.

Some insurers try to accommodate these grey areas with a moratorium provision within your policy. These provisions typically say that so long as you have been symptom free for two years relating to any condition you’ve suffered from within the last 5 years, then they will pay for subsequent treatment. Not all policies have these moratorium provisions and the time periods do vary between insurers. You should carefully read your policy.

Sorry – its not covered

Health Insurance is an annual contract – just like your car insurance. So when it comes to renewal, your insurer is at liberty to review not only your premium but also change the conditions on which your cover is provided.

Therefore, if your policy comes up for renewal mid way through a course of treatment, it’s possible to find that your new policy no longer covers that particular treatment. This means that you will have to foot the bill for the balance of the treatment.

Furthermore, with ongoing advances in medical research, more and more conditions are becoming treatable. This progress has the effect of shifting back the dividing line between chronic and acute conditions.

This hits the insurers’ pocket in two ways. With more conditions being reclassified as acute, the number of claims is increasing. And there’s also a trend for new treatments to cost more – Herceptin being a good example. The net result is that the insurers are finding themselves having to pay out far more. This is inevitably passed back to you through increased renewal premiums. And in an attempt to reduce their risk exposure, insurers have a tendency to adjust their definitions and exclusions. This means that you must read your renewal notice closely before you decide to renew.

So when you are considering Health Insurance, be aware that everything is not always black and white. And if you’ve got insurance and need treatment, always contact your insurer without delay and get them to confirm that your treatment is indeed covered