Insurance World

Around 7 million people in the UK are covered by health insurance, the majority being covered through their employers. The problem is that few have really studied their policy documents and many misunderstand what is covered. And perhaps just as important, what isn’t. If you expect health insurance to pay all your health costs, you’re mistaken.

Health insurance is designed to provide protection for curable, short-term health problems and allow policyholders to jump the NHS queues to see consultants, be diagnosed, receive surgery or be treated. That sounds fine, but before you buy you need to appreciate the treatments and situations that fall outside the scope of the cover.

But first a word of warning. This article does not relate to any specific policy and the terms and conditions issued by individual insurers do vary. So please ensure you also check your policy documents. After reading this article, you’ll know what to look out for!

Sorry – it’s a chronic condition

If a condition can be cured and is not a long-term problem, your insurance company will classify it as acute and should meet the cost. If your problem is incurable or it’s a problem that, despite appropriate treatment, will be with you for a long time, then your insurance company will classify it as chronic - and no, you won’t be covered.

But drawing a firm line between what is acute and what is chronic is fraught with problems, and leads to the biggest area of conflict between insurer and policyholder.

Everyone agrees that diabetes and asthma are chronic conditions as you’re likely to suffer from them for the rest of your life. So those sorts of condition are not covered.

Problems arise when the medical team initially considers a patients’ illness to be curable, but the condition subsequently deteriorates and the doctors change their mind, it’s now become incurable. This can happen especially in the treatment of some types of cancer.

In these circumstances, the condition is initially defined as acute and is therefore insured, but deteriorates and becomes chronic - and outside the terms of cover. This is possible as insurers retain the right to reclassify a condition from acute to chronic during treatment.

Sorry - it’s too long term
The insurance company will not pay out for long term treatment. But you need to check your policy documents to see how they define “long-term”. You can find the situation where a course of drugs extends for say 12 months, but the insurer will only pay for ten months.

Sorry – it’s preventative
Your insurance is designed to pay for the treatment and cure of conditions when they arise. It is not designed to pay for treatments that are used to prevent an illness.

Again, the problem of definition arises. Sometimes it is arguable whether a treatment is preventative or a cure. Take the drug Herceptin for example. This drug can be used in the early stages of breast cancer. Research shows that Herceptin can halve the incidence of cancer returning for women who have a particularly virulent form of the cancer known as HER2. In this situation, is Herceptin offering a cure or is it a preventative?

Insurance companies are split on the debate. Norwich Union, WPA, BUPA and Standard Life Healthcare will pay for Herceptin for HER2 patients whereas Legal and General and Axa PPP will not.

Sorry – the drug is not approved
Two of the main attractions for taking out health insurance are: to jump the queues at the NHS, and to get the latest treatments and drugs. But there’s a rider.

Unless the drug has been approved for use by the NHS in England and Wales, by the Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, your insurer is unlikely to approve its use. The problem is that the Institute’s brief is not simply to decide whether a drug works, but to carry out a cost/benefit analysis to ensure that the benefits to the nation outweigh the financial costs of using it in the NHS. Not an easy brief - and one that has placed the Institute under scrutiny for the extended delays in drug approval.

The compromise hit on by the Financial Ombudsman is that if a health policy won’t pay for the use of experimental treatments, then it should meet the cost of an approved conventional treatment with the policyholder footing the bill for the balance if the experimental treatment is more expensive.

Sorry – it’s a pre-existing condition

The basic principle is that if you are already suffering from a condition when you start a policy, then that condition “pre-exists” the policy and any claims for its treatment are invalid.

For this reason, insurance companies insist you complete an exhaustive questionnaire before they agree to insure you. After all they need a clear picture of your medical condition before they quote. For many applications, the insurer will, with your approval, also write to your GP for specific details of your medical history. They like to have a complete picture.

So lets say some years ago you injured your knee playing football. It appeared to recover but now it turns out that you have a torn cartilage and need an operation. The insurer could argue that this is a pre-existing condition and you have to pay for its’ treatment.

Some insurers try to accommodate these grey areas with a moratorium provision within your policy. These provisions typically say that so long as you have been symptom free for two years relating to any condition you’ve suffered from within the last 5 years, then they will pay for subsequent treatment. Not all policies have these moratorium provisions and the time periods do vary between insurers. You should carefully read your policy.

Sorry – its not covered

Health Insurance is an annual contract – just like your car insurance. So when it comes to renewal, your insurer is at liberty to review not only your premium but also change the conditions on which your cover is provided.

Therefore, if your policy comes up for renewal mid way through a course of treatment, it’s possible to find that your new policy no longer covers that particular treatment. This means that you will have to foot the bill for the balance of the treatment.

Furthermore, with ongoing advances in medical research, more and more conditions are becoming treatable. This progress has the effect of shifting back the dividing line between chronic and acute conditions.

This hits the insurers’ pocket in two ways. With more conditions being reclassified as acute, the number of claims is increasing. And there’s also a trend for new treatments to cost more – Herceptin being a good example. The net result is that the insurers are finding themselves having to pay out far more. This is inevitably passed back to you through increased renewal premiums. And in an attempt to reduce their risk exposure, insurers have a tendency to adjust their definitions and exclusions. This means that you must read your renewal notice closely before you decide to renew.

So when you are considering Health Insurance, be aware that everything is not always black and white. And if you’ve got insurance and need treatment, always contact your insurer without delay and get them to confirm that your treatment is indeed covered

Health insurance costs have been skyrocketing for years. Many employers can’t afford it and have no choice but to pass the increased costs along to you. If the money taken out of your paycheck seems to go up and up, that’s why. But what can you do about it?

Take Control of Your Health Insurance Dollars

Every company has an open enrollment period when employees are allowed to review health insurance options and make changes or drop coverage. Do your homework first! Look at your deductions and talk to your HR person to find out what percentage of your monthly premium the company covers.

With these numbers in mind, look at private health insurance. A good place for advice and free health insurance quotes is www.ehealthinsurance.com. Believe it or not, you may find that it makes more sense to opt out of your employer’s plan and use the money they would have taken out of your paycheck to pay for your own insurance.

Suffering From Coverage Overkill?

The truth is, many employers offer expensive insurance. If you or a dependent has a medical condition, it probably makes sense to stay with your employer’s plan. But if you rarely visit the doctor, why pay more for an expensive health plan with benefits you won’t use?

Imagine if auto insurance included coverage for repairs. You’d probably pay twice as much and, if your car is reliable, you’d never use that extra coverage. You’d be better off putting the money you would spend on insurance into the bank. Health insurance works the same way. You can lower premiums by finding a high-deductible health plan. Put that savings in the bank in case you need medical care until you reach your deductible.

Think About Your Kids

Even if you keep your own employer coverage, you might save money by putting your dependents on a private health insurance plan. Most employers only cover a small percentage of the premium for your dependents, while you’re left paying the rest. Individual plans for your kids are another way to save money. For example, a nine-year-old in Toledo, Ohio can get a policy for under $50 a month! An easy way to compare rates from insurance companies is on eHealthInsurance.com. You can find quotes for just one child or for your entire family just by entering your zip code.

Karen Auby is a personal finance expert.

A high-deductible health plan is one way to lower your premiums.